Last thursday Mario Pérez and Agustín
Ríos explained to us more about artificial inteligence, and they revealed to us
some facts that were really amusing
"The
fundamental support of human life is carbon, wether in computers is silicon.
Humans have been capable of creating alive organisms, and the question is if
humans are capable of creating life through the use of silicon."
Once machines were invented, scientists have dreamt of making them learn and even perform tasks like any human. So we could describe AI as a brach of science, which is into making machines think and act like humans, that can store large amounts of information and even process them in an amazing speed. At this time, what they lack is an ability to learn and make intelligent decisions,
One great example of Artificial Intelligence are computers that try to appear more human in what they can do. With this im talking abuout "chatterbots", which we can easily find them in Ikea, or even shopping websites.
This video explains through a wide use of graphics and examples the different
types of AI (Aritificial Interlligence) and its importance.
Before the ethics topic was brought to us, we were used to listening to conferences talking about the space, maths, renewable energy... and because of this we had reach a certain point where every single student during this ''meetings'' began to think more analytically, but by this I mean there was no time we stopped to analysed if what the person giving the speech was wrong or right, we only wanted to know things like; And why..? Would there be a time where...? We were acting more like scientist that wanted to go straight for the answer than real students aiming for the repercussions of each topic. But all of this suddenly changed when the ETHICS topic appeared. Of course we all knew what ethics was about; according to the BBC newspaper; ''Ethics is concerned with what is good for individuals and society and is also described as moral philosophy.'' and all of the student were aware of this.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VI-t0eWp9WA
But since when had we stop taking it into account when talking about scientific and global themes? Well, I 'm not quite sure when we had but the thing is that we had stopped. And this is afterall a terrible and awful thing, us, as humans since the beggining of times have separate facts and acts from and ethical point of view. And this is described as META-ETHICS.
There is a time in any circumstance where you have to decide if you want to be practical and act scientifically (this means going for the solution with more probabilities of success) or acting ethically (this means going for the solution that you feel is better and less people would suffer any damage). And this was what Doña Isabel López's conference was all about.
With technologies, the ways we organise the work, we learn new things and even our own lifestyle has made significant changes in the traditional patterns within the social, economical and cultural life.
Rights of people over personal information. Nowadays, with the huge quantity of information we post in the social networks with the use of new technologies, we don't know and even we can't control what happens with that information once it moves around internet.
One of the biggest drawbacks of technologies is in the ethical ambit such as the materials, which are used to create these machines because they come from non-ecologic sources and the extraction destroys the planet.
Meta-ethics deals with the nature of moral judgement. It looks at the origins and meaning of ethical principles.
Normative ethics is concerned with the content of moral judgements and the criteria for what is right or wrong.
Applied ethics looks at controversial topics like war, animal rights and capital punishment
Scientists are attempting to use 3-D printing to create everything from architectural models to human organs.
INDIVIDUAL POINTS:
María Muñoz Vallejo
Last thursday Miss Isabel Lopez came to explain us the importance of ethics in science, due to the fact that with it, when we have different options she explained us the way to get to the best option through ethics.
She explained through the use of examples how ethics, which is the branch of filosophy which investigate the principles that guide our decisions and behaviours, in other words, is the study of the arguments and reasons about which actions are morally right, or morally wrong to follow a dignified conduct.
Until this point during the conference we all understood what does really ethics is and the importante of it in our lifes but, why ethics is important in science? Isabel López gave us for a moment the role of doctors and she told us different examples of situations that a doctor have to suffer every day. The principles of making the best decision are:
1) Take a moment and think about the situation
2) Clarify the objetives at short-term and at long-terms
3) Determinate the facts we know
4) Establish possible options
5) Considerate the consequences for all the parts the decisions affect to
6) Make the decision
7) If the decision do not obtain the effects that we wanted at first, look over the situation and make new decisions
In this video, uploaded by the University of Chicago, we can see how different proffesors and specialists give their opinion of how ethics works in science
While searching on the internet, I founded this article about 3 parents baby, a topic quite controversial these days, that defeat the role of ethics about it:
Scientists are attempting to use 3-D printing to create everything from architectural models to human organs. While the technology still lags behind the hype, we could be looking at a future when we can print personalized pharmaceuticals or home-printed guns and explosives. Nowadays, in China they have been creating biological 3-D printer useful for transplantations, the first innovation was a kidney. Additionally, doctors are using this printer as a essential material in the operating room. As we learn today with Isabel Lopez, transplantation can create ethical problems to the society because of the preferences of who we give the transplanting organ.
One of the biggest drawbacks of technologies is in the ethical ambit such as the materials, which are used to create these machines because they come from non-ecologic sources and the extraction destroys the planet.
The use of this materials is like a big fire that little by little destroys the planet, so this needs to change as we are destroying the place where we live and really that is a bit stupid as we know the consequences.
Nevertheless, I believe in a community in which we all recycle and create technology the most ecological way.
Mónica López
Rights of people over personal information. Nowadays, with the huge quantity of information we post in the social networks with the use of new technologies, we don't know and even we can't control what happens with that information once it moves around internet. Not being able to control the informatin that is exposed about us can turn to be a huge social problem as it affects the personal lives of people suffering cyber-bullying and reaching suicide. This is overall present in teenagers lives.
miércoles, 14 de octubre de 2015
Space:
Mónica López
Although the costs, the technological contribution and the necessary resources to access to the space are huge, if the entities collaborate between them and they share good ideas together, accessing to space can turn into an easy task if they work in group with a pacific use.
Technology helps us to progress and nowadays it is present in our daily life but it must be backuped by other fields like science, it isn't possible to progress alone towards a common aim.
As space offers the possibility of experimenting on other fields we could take advantage of it and look for solutions to problems that we find nowadays in our planet earth as the environmental problem of climate change.
-The space is not only technology. It is also in our daily life.
- Is important to colaborate and work in groups. To participate in the space isn't necesary to have a lot of sources, in contrast, the most imprtant thing is having a great idea
- There are two types of companies which work in the espacial sector. Tractor companies, such as Airbus or thales, and subcontractors companies, which are the ones that colaborate in a part of the whole project.
Enrique Martín:
- The space
is not only important for researches as is also important for other fields
within it.
- In the
investigation of the universe, if we go back in time we go back to the theories
of Albert Einstein.
- The
society would not improve if there are not people that investigate.
One in six children die before their fifth birthday because of health problems in the water or the lack of it.
There is enough water for all but the problem is a management of it between all of the countries.
In 2050 one in four people is going to live in a country with chronic storage water, so it is important to change this.
María Muñoz
There’s a huge difficulty to access the use of water in an important part of the world population
There’s enough water, the thing is that there’s not equity in its distribution
One of every 6 children die before their 5th birthday
Carolina Navarro
1. Though there is enough water in our planet, it is wrong and evil distribute. Consequently, this fact give rise to a water shortage problem. 2. Water is a human right, therefore everyone needs water in their lives.
3. We must guarantee water's accessibility, as it's a basic human right.
Mónica López Muñoz
Encourage renewable resources to produce resources that supply to underdeveloped and developing countries with water and sanitation, key factors for development.
With the use of technology and transport, we could share water equitably to ensure the stability of countries.
The combination of the natural cycle and the urban cycle of water could provide the necessary amount of water to those countries where the weather is adverse (most of the year it doesn't rain) because it determines the welfare and socio-economic development of these countries.
Governance
Enrique Martín
The world has changed so the governance must also do it.
The concept of governance should be much higher and should cover all social areas.
Governance is not just for the institutions is also to all of the social relationships.
María Muñoz
As citizens we are extremely manipulated. We’re not the owners of our own government.
We are really far away of what governance means
There’s a huge antagonism between technological evolution and the evolution of governance
Carolina Navarro
Governance must be more transparent.
There is too much distance between government and citizens, this is a problem we must solve.
Nowadays there is control over the government, but there is no any control over the governance.
Mónica López:
Control technologies for people to act in a more participatory way in the governance of their country but also control that information isn't confused with personal judgements.
Governance must go further the political problems fulfilling several principles as legality, accountability, transparency and efficiency.
Usually, the answers given by the governors aren't transparent and they don't take into account the real social needs, global problems don't have global solutions and through the use of technology these global social needs could be more beared in mind.
By discussing this large and wide topic that is governance, our group came to the conclusion that there is not an exact solution for gonvernace problems as each country has different capacieties and limitations that have to be handled in different ways. One of the main problemsa that is most likely to appear in all types of governance is transparency. By comparing, contrasting and analyzing the meaning of ''governamental transparency'' we found out that any goverment is completely transparent, by this meaning that the group of individuals forming the society have to be concious of all the information englobing the goverment. Does this happen? Of course not, and this is the key point that makes society distrust their own system
Another thing we noticed was the amount of time and inforation dedicated to certain topics by the goverment making other important facts go unnoticed, It seems that the only thing that the goverments think about is money. But what happens with education? Technology? Progress and evolution?
We all know that without water we wouldn't be
alive, due to the fact that is one of the most important substances on earth.
All plants and animals must have water to survive. There's a huge problem
within water, because there's a difficulty to access the use of water in an
important part of the world population. In underdeveloped countries which are
situated in zones with adverse climatology, in which at least one important
part of the year do not rain. This confirms the relationship between shortage of
water and poverty. In other words, 1200M of the world population do not have Access
to water, and 2400M do have Access to it, but with problems of sanitation, this
means that they can’t depurate it. This mostly affects Africa, Asia, Latin
America and El Caribe. There are some companies suggesting solutions for this
issue, and in the European Parliament it has been solicited to ensure the human
right to water at an affordable price, for all humans to enjoy this essential
right. We have the right to water as we have the right to live, without water
we can’t live. Water is vital, and essential.
Water is a right, a scarce resource. There’s water, but not equity in its
distribution.
